| 高洪善,张 健.美国国家创新体系构成特点分析[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2014,29(10):34~38 |
| 美国国家创新体系构成特点分析 |
| Mechanism and Characteristics of the U.S. National Innovation System |
| 投稿时间：2014-07-23 |
| DOI：10.3772/j.issn.1009-8623.2014.10.006 |
| 中文关键词: 美国；国家创新体系；创新体系建设 |
| 英文关键词: the U.S.；National Innovation System；innovation system construction |
| 基金项目: |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 高洪善 | 中国科学技术部 | | 张 健 | 中国科学技术部 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 美国作为全球头号经济强国，在技术创新与研发方面长期保持着世界领先的优势地位，形成了
自己独特的创新体系。通过介绍美国国家创新体系的形成过程，分析了其特点，主要有：以企业为主体，由市场驱动；广纳全球创新人才；联邦政府发挥关键作用；引进民间资本参与；严格研发经费管理；与整体经济发展密切相关。美国国家创新体系在未来发展中，将进一步解决创新源泉和传播机制的问题，国防研发将继续发挥火车头的作用，创新能力将会继续居世界领先地位，当然，也面临诸多挑战，如，削减研发经费，研发成本越来越高，创新能力明显下降等。借鉴美国的经验，我国在创新体系建设中，应鼓励创新的减免税收优惠政策法规对所有企业一视同仁，加大对国防研发和基础研究的投入，统筹人才培养与引进政策等。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| As the world’s largest economy, the U.S. gets to form its specific innovation system to keep the great advantage on its technology innovation and R&D for a long time. The development process and mechanism of the U.S. National Innovation System (NIS) are introduced. The paper also analyzes main characteristics of the U.S. NIS as follows: innovation is driven by the market, taking enterprises as the main body; the federal
government plays a key role in innovation by taking effect measures such as recruiting global innovation talents, introduction of private capitals, and strict management of R&D funding. Finally, some suggestions on the Chinese innovation system construction are given, such as, applying the preferential tax policy in various enterprises without discrimination, enhancing spending on the national defense research and basic research, coordinating the personnel training and introduction policy, and so on. |
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