| 谭天骄,玄兆辉.美国跨机构研发优先事项的演变特征、趋势研判与启示建议[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2025,(5):1~7 |
| 美国跨机构研发优先事项的演变特征、趋势研判与启示建议 |
| Evolution Characteristics, Trend Assessment, and Enlightenment Suggestions of U.S. Interagency R&D Priorities |
| 投稿时间：2025-01-30 |
| DOI：10.3772/j.issn.1009-8623.2025.05.001 |
| 中文关键词: 美国；跨机构；研发优先事项；演变特征；趋势研判 |
| 英文关键词: the United States; interagency; R&D priorities; evolution characteristics; trend assessment |
| 基金项目: |
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| 摘要点击次数: 132 |
| 全文下载次数: 179 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 美国联邦政府各部门研发预算是被普遍关注的热点问题，每年出台的跨机构研发优先事项备
忘录包含美国未来财年的研发投向领域与目标，是展示美国总统研发部署意图的重要文件。通过对美
国近年来跨机构研发优先事项的内容进行分析，包括对持续关注的领域和新增关注的领域进行梳理
等，发现美国备忘录存在逐渐多元化、注重科技普惠、竞争和对抗意识增强、更具施政者个人意图和特
色等四大特点。在此基础上，研判特朗普政府未来可能的调整方向包括两个方面，一是进一步削减研
发经费，或将影响美国科研进展；二是形成以人工智能为核心的关键领域研发战略部署。最后，提出
对中国的相关政策建议，如推进跨机构研发协同机制建设、强化国家规划系统布局和发挥新型举国体
制优势等，以期为中国科技管理的决策提供参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The R&D budget of various departments of the US federal government has always been a hot issue
of widespread concern. The annual Interagency R&D Priorities Memorandum contains the R&D investment
areas and goals for the upcoming fiscal year in the United States. It is an important manifestation of the US
President’s R&D deployment intention. Through an analysis of the content of U.S. interagency R&D priorities
in recent years, including a review of continuously emphasized areas and newly added focus areas, it was found
that U.S. R&D Priorities memorandums exhibit four major characteristics: increasing diversification, a focus
on inclusive technology, heightened awareness of competition and confrontation, and a stronger reflection of
the personal intentions and style of the policymakers. Based on this, the potential adjustments of the Trump
administration in the future were assessed, including two aspects: first, further cuts to R&D funding, which may
impact U.S. scientific progress; and second, the formation of a strategic R&D deployment centered on artificial
intelligence as a key core area. Finally, this paper proposes policy recommendations for China, such as advancing
the construction of interagency R&D collaboration mechanisms, strengthening systematic national planning,
and leveraging the advantages of the new whole-nation system, with the aim of providing references for China’s
science and technology management decision-making. |
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