| 黄子桐,吴梦雪,席 敏.美国社会力量设立科学技术奖的特点及对中国的启示——以美国机械工程师学会为例[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2025,(5):57~64 |
| 美国社会力量设立科学技术奖的特点及对中国的启示——以美国机械工程师学会为例 |
| Characteristics of Science and Technology Awards Established by U.S. Non-governmental Organizations and Insights for China: A Case Study on the American Society of Mechanical Engineers |
| 投稿时间：2025-02-17 |
| DOI：10.3772/j.issn.1009-8623.2025.05.008 |
| 中文关键词: 美国；社会力量；科技奖励；美国机械工程师学会 |
| 英文关键词: the United States; non-governmental; science and technology awards; the American Society of Mechanical Engineers |
| 基金项目: |
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| 摘要点击次数: 115 |
| 全文下载次数: 171 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 社会力量设立科学技术奖（以下简称“社会力量科技奖”）是中国特色科技奖励体系的重要组
成部分，对于推动科技人才成长、促进行业科技进步具有激励作用。美国社会力量科技奖发展历史悠久、
奖励类型多样、国际化程度高、管理机制灵活，对于引导中国社会力量科技奖向专业化、特色化、品牌
化和国际化方向发展具有借鉴意义。以美国机械工程师学会（The American Society of Mechanical
Engineers，ASME）设立的科技奖为案例进行研究，具体从奖项设立概况、组织方式、奖励范围和运
行机制 4 个方面展开分析，并将其与中国的机械工业科学技术奖进行对比，总结差异性和特点。最后，
借鉴美国社会力量设奖的经验，提出建议与展望，具体包括明确社会力量科技奖定位，提升认可度和影
响力；进一步完善奖项运行机制，提升奖励效果；奖项向个人奖倾斜，突出个人创新贡献；坚持全球视野，
打造世界级科技奖品牌。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Non-governmental science and technology awards constitute an important component of the science
and technology award system with Chinese characteristics, playing a significant role in motivating the growth of
scientific and technological talents and promoting the advancement of industry-related technologies. The United
States’ non-governmental science and technology awards, with their long-established history, diverse award
categories, high degree of internationalization, and flexible management mechanisms, offer valuable references
for China to develop specialized, distinctive, branded, and globally-oriented non-governmental science and
technology awards. This paper conducts a case study focusing on the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
(ASME) Awards, analyzing them from four perspectives: award establishment overview, management method,
award scope, and operational mechanisms, and it further compares these elements with China’s Mechanical
Industry Science and Technology Award, ultimately summarizing their distinctive differences and characteristics.
Finally, drawing insights from U.S. social sector award practices, four recommendations are proposed: Clarify the
positioning of non-governmental science and technology awards to enhance recognition and influence; Improve
operational mechanisms to strengthen award effectiveness; Prioritize individual achievement awards to highlight
personal innovative contributions; Maintain global perspectives to build world-class science and technology award
brands. |
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