| 陈子健,张玉娇,陈光.面向科技强国建设的基础研究经费投入
国际比较及政策建议[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2025,40(9):46~54 |
| 面向科技强国建设的基础研究经费投入
国际比较及政策建议 |
| International Comparison of Basic Research Funding and Relevant Policy Suggestions for Building China’s Science and Technology Strength |
| 投稿时间：2025-06-27 |
| DOI：10.3772/j.issn.1009-8623.2025.09.006 |
| 中文关键词: 企业；研发经费；基础研究；科技强国 |
| 英文关键词: enterprise; R&D expenditure; basic research; scientific and technological powerhouses |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金专项项目“国家自然科学基金 2024 年绩效评价研究与实施”（J2424002）；山西省科技战略研究专项重点项目“应用基础研究类项目绩效评估方法及对策研究”（202404030401007）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 中国的基础研究经费占 R&D 经费比重长期低于发达国家的水平，其根本原因在于，虽然中国近
80% 的 R&D 经费源自企业，但受各种因素影响，基础研究在其中的占比长期低于 1%。根据近年来中国
企业 R&D 经费投入的增长趋势进行模拟预测，结果显示，到 2035 年基础研究占中国企业 R&D 经费
投入的比重仅为 1.9%，受其影响，届时中国的基础研究经费占 R&D 经费比重亦将难以达到世界主要发
达国家的水平，可能对中国的科技强国建设进程产生不利影响。因此，未来 10 年中国政府必须采取更
有力的措施，激励引导企业加强基础研究经费投入。最后，围绕加强中央财政基础研究投入、强化大
型领军企业主体地位、加大财税金融政策支持力度、激发企业内生动力、完善人才培养和流动机制等
5 个方面提出了参考建议，以期为加快构建更加多元化的基础研究经费投入格局提供决策支撑。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The proportion of China’s basic research in its research and development (R&D) total expenditure
has been significantly lower than the level of the world’s scientific and technological powerhouses. Nearly 80%
of China’s R&D expenditure comes from enterprises, however, the proportion of enterprises’ basic research in
their R&D expenditure has long been below 1%. According to simulation prediction based on the growth trend
of enterprise R&D investment in recent years, it is found that according to the growth rate of enterprise R&D
expenditure at the present stage, the proportion of enterprises’ basic research in their R&D expenditure in China
could only reach 1.9% by 2035, which would cause that China’s basic research funding will still fall far short of
the level of scientific and technological powerhouse of more than 15% of R&D total expenditure by 2035 and
obstruct China’s scientific and technological powerhouse construction. Therefore, in the next decade the Chinese
government must take stronger measures to encourage and guide enterprises to strengthen its basic research. In
the end, recommendations from five aspects are put forward as follows: strengthening the central government’s
investment in basic research, reinforcing the main position of large-scale and leading enterprises, intensifying
support of tax and financial policies, stimulating the endogenous motivation of enterprises, and perfecting the
mechanism for talent cultivation and mobility. |
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