| 莫非,张书言,王子玥,李 辉.特朗普 2.0 时期的美国科技外交：实践逻辑、优先事项及应对措施[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2026,41(2):67~76 |
| 特朗普 2.0 时期的美国科技外交：实践逻辑、优先事项及应对措施 |
| U.S. Science and Technology Diplomacy in the Trump 2.0 Era: Practical Logic, Strategic Priorities, and Countermeasures |
| 投稿时间：2025-12-18 |
| DOI：10.3772/j.issn.1009-8623.2026.02.008 |
| 中文关键词: 特朗普 2.0 时期；大国战略竞争；科技外交；美国优先 |
| 英文关键词: Trump 2.0 era; Great Power Competition; Science and Technology Diplomacy; America First |
| 基金项目:上海市哲学社会科学规划课题（2025EGB001）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 科技外交是科技棋盘上开展的政治博弈。分析了特朗普 2.0 时期美国科技外交的实践逻辑、
战略走向，并提出了应对措施。通过对比拜登执政时期，可以发现，特朗普 2.0 时期的美国科技外交
在领域、功能、节奏、理念与风格上均发生了改变，整体呈现出显著的实用主义、交易主义、短期主义、
民族主义及个人主义色彩。进一步剖析发现，特朗普政府正从减少对外技术援助负担、重振本土科
技产业基础、消除芯片出口管制漏洞、强化美国技术俘获能力、减少中国对美反制冲动这五个方面着手，
为美国科技外交降本增效。虽然特朗普政府占据主动，但其同样受到约束。面对特朗普 2.0 时期美国
科技外交的内外局限，中国可从保持对美战略定力、扩大公共产品供给、共享科技发展机遇、主动塑
造竞合关系入手，争取更多的战略主动。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Science and Technology diplomacy is a political game played on the chessboard of science and technology.
This article analyzes the practical logic and strategic direction of U.S. technology diplomacy during the Trump 2.0 era
and proposes corresponding countermeasures. A comparison with the Biden administration indicates that U.S. technology
diplomacy under Trump 2.0 has undergone notable changes in fields, functions, pace, philosophy, and style, exhibiting
pronounced features of pragmatism, transactionalism, short-termism, nationalism, and individualism. Further analysis
shows that the Trump administration is seeking to enhance the cost-effectiveness of U.S. technology diplomacy through five
main approaches: reducing the burden of external technology assistance, revitalizing the domestic science and technology
industrial base, closing loopholes in semiconductor export controls, strengthening U.S. capabilities for technological
capture, and lowering China’s incentives to adopt countermeasures against the United States. Although Trump occupies a
position of relative initiative, his science and technology diplomacy also faces constraints. In response to the internal and
external limitations of U.S. technology diplomacy in the Trump 2.0 era, China can pursue greater strategic initiative by
maintaining strategic composure toward the United States, providing more international public goods, sharing opportunities
for technological development, and proactively shaping a competitive-cooperative relationship. |
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