| 罗 青.美国《2014 年科学与工程指标》概论——科技人力资源和科研产出[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2014,29(5):14~18 |
| 美国《2014 年科学与工程指标》概论——科技人力资源和科研产出 |
| Overview of Science and Engineering Indicators 2014—Human Resources and Research Outputs |
| 投稿时间：2014-02-05 修订日期：2014-02-05 |
| DOI：10.3772/j.issn.1009-8623.2014.05.003 |
| 中文关键词: 美国；科学与工程指标；科技人力资源；科研产出 |
| 英文关键词: U.S.；Science and Engineering Indicators (SEI)；science & engineering researchers；research outputs |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 2014 年 2 月，美国国家科学理事会发布了《2014 年科学与工程指标》报告。该报告对近年来美
国及其他国家和地区在科学、工程和技术、教育及经济领域的发展态势进行了定量分析。报告《概论》对有关内容进行了总汇，综合分析了国际社会与美国科技领域的发展情况。科技人力资源和科研产出的数据显示：全球科研人员的数量一直在快速增长，美国和欧盟分别约达 140 万和 160 万人，中国也已超过 130 万人；2010 年，全球理工科学士学位获得人数 550 万，其中，欧盟占 17%，美国占 10%，中国占近 1/4；2011 年，全球发表科技论文 82.8 万篇，美国占 26%，欧洲占 31%，中国占 11%；在所有科技领域内，美国发表的论文被高度引用；2012 年，美国专利和商标局授予专利数超过 25 万件，其中，美国为 12 万件，日本 5.1 万件，欧盟 3.6 万件，中国 5 351 件。数据说明：越来越多的国家和地区日益重视增加科技投入和人才积累，美国在多个方面和指标上仍保持世界领先，部分发展中国家，尤其是中国，科技实力持续增强。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In February 2014, the U.S. National Science Board issued the report of Science and Engineering Indicators 2014, which analyzes quantitatively the trends of science, technologies, engineering, education and economies in the United States as well as in some other countries and regions, with an overview briefing the report and illustrating a general picture of the scientific and technological developments in the international community and in the US. In terms of human resources and research outputs, the world witnessed a rapidly growing number of science and engineering researchers, with the US reaching 1.4 million, the European Union 1.6 million, China
over 1.3 million. Globally, the number of first university degrees in S&E reached about 5.5 million in 2010, almost a quarter of those degrees was conferred in China, 17% in the EU, and 10% in the US. About 828,000 S&E articles were published in 2011, with the US contributing 26% as the leading country, the EU as a whole 31%, China 11%, making the fastest progress in developing countries, and the US articles were the most cited in all the S&E fields. In 2012 the United States Patent and Trademark Office granted more than 250,000 patents, of which 120,000 were to inventors of the US, 51,000 to Japan, 36,000 to the EU, 5351 to China. As shown by the data, an
increasing number of countries and regions focus more on R&D investment and human resources, while the US still holds the first rank in multiple S&E indicators, and some developing countries especially China are going through a continuous growth in S&E. |
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