| 马 双,王 峤,陈凯华.国际典型国家实验室管理运营机制经验与启示——基于英国国家海洋中心的研究[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2020,35(12):27~34 |
| 国际典型国家实验室管理运营机制经验与启示——基于英国国家海洋中心的研究 |
| Experience and Inspiration from International Typical Laboratories’ Management and Operation Mechanism: An Example of the British National Oceanography Centre |
| 投稿时间：2020-10-21 |
| DOI：10.3772/j.issn.1009-8623.2020.12.005 |
| 中文关键词: 国家实验室；公立科研机构；管理运营机制；英国国家海洋中心 |
| 英文关键词: national laboratory; public scientific research institutions; management and operation mechanism; British National Oceanography Centre |
| 基金项目:青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室鳌山科技创新计划项目“国外发达国家国家实验室发展历程、现状及趋势研究”（2016ASKJ11ZRW01）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 英国国家海洋中心是英国自然环境研究理事会全权所有的英国最大的综合海洋科学研究和技术机构。作为世界公认的顶级海洋研究机构，其在海平面科学、沿海和深海研究与技术开发领域取得了举世瞩目的成就。本文从管理模式与组织架构、装备设施管理、经费来源与投入、高等教育与人才培养以及技术共享与转移5个方面分析总结了英国国家海洋中心的管理运营机制的特点，对我国建设国家实验室的启示在于：（1）赋予国家实验室更大的自主权，形成完善的自治体系，避免科学受政治和经济过多影响；（2）注重当代科技的复杂性与多学科交叉性，重视大科学装置建设，同时配备完善的科研数据的存储与共享系统；（3）完善当前的经费管理制度，鼓励科研机构寻求多样化的经费来源，形成可持续生长的健康生态系统；（4）促进科研机构与高校的合作交流，为人才教育和培养提供便利；（5）科研机构配置自身的技术转移部门，逐渐强化灵活的技术共享和转移功能。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The National Oceanography Centre (NOC), wholly owned by the Natural Environment Research Council, is UK’s largest institution for integrated sea level science, coastal and deep ocean research and technology development. As one of the world’s recognized top oceanographic research institutes, it has made remarkable achievements. This paper starts from a detailed analysis of the characteristics of NOC management and operation mechanism from five aspects: management mode and organization structure, equipment and facilities management, fund investment, education, and technology sharing and transfer. Based on the analysis and discussions, it gave out some recommendations on the layout, management and government scientific research investment in China: (1) Expanding the scale of public scientific research institutions, forming a sound autonomous system and giving them greater autonomy; (2) Paying attention to the complexity and interdisciplinary nature of contemporary science and technology, the construction of large scientific installations, and being equipped with a sound storage and sharing system of scientific research data; (3) Improving the current funding management system, encourage scientific research institutions to seek diversified sources of funding, and forming a healthy ecosystem for sustainable growth; (4) Promoting close cooperation and exchanges between scientific research institutions and universities to facilitate higher education and personnel cultivation; (5) Scientific research institutions allocate their own technology transfer departments and gradually strengthen flexible technology sharing and transfer functions. |
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